From Professor Iskandar Abou-Chaar

These words were uttered ten years ago by Professor Iskandar Abou-Chaar, one of the many presenters at Father Paul’s festschrift celebration of his fortieth teaching jubilee. Mr. Abou-Chaar sent it to Father Paul this morning from Beirut, Lebanon, as an attachment to an email in which he wrote:

Dear Father Paul,

You are always in our thoughts, and, most particularly, on the Jubilee of the first lecture you gave at Balamand. I attach the word I delivered at the 40th year Festschrift Banquet in NJ on Oct 23, 2010. I would repeat the same today.

With much love,
Iskandar

Exactly fifty years ago today, Monday, October 26 1970 (yes, even this day of the week), Fr. Paul Nadim Tarazi gave his first lecture at Balamand Seminary, marking the beginning of his incredible academic career.

Your Eminence, Reverend fathers, Colleagues and friends,

When I came to attend the first lecture to be given at the newly opened St. John of Damascus School of Theology in the fall of 1970, I had absolutely no idea about what to expect.

I had read a few weeks earlier in Lisan-ul-Hal newspaper an announcement about the opening of the institute. Through a series of unrelated circumstances, I decided to enroll in the opening class of that institute.

When I arrived to attend the first lecture, nothing had prepared me for what I saw. Tele Liban, the official Lebanese television were there with their cameras, officials in a representational capacity were there and entered the lecture room with chairs set for them on the side, the then director of the newly founded institute and Metropolitan of Latakia, his eminence Ignatius Hazim (now his beatitude patriarch Ignatius IV of Antioch) led the official representatives into the classroom and sat at their head to the side. The handful of students cowered in the middle of the room, and a young man with a goatee beard, a layman, stood in front of the intent gaze of the cameras, the officials, and the handful of students, center stage, and delivered the first lecture to be given at the newly founded institute. I had been told his name before the lecture, a Nadim Tarazi. We started hearing and taking notes.

When a few weeks later this lecturer entered the classroom clean-shaven, I barely noticed, except that he explained to the surprised students that now that we had become accustomed to seeing him lecture, we no longer needed the goatee beard as accreditation. For myself, my sense of sight had receded into the background since the first encounter. The input to my ears had proven to be more unexpected than the original scene. As with all sensory perception, the greater the impact of one sense, the more the others recede into the background—are drowned out. What followed the initial visual scene, became a series of audio encounters, with the sound of "Nadim" somehow attached to them.

The audio encounters would keep recurring, and seemed to arrange themselves under three major titles:

--The word trilectic would impress itself as one title. The scriptural deity was trilectic, not dialectic. The texts about Him would always require a "third" outside instance before they could be understood. This deity could not function as an ego, or superego, or alter-ego, He could not be made into a convenient bedfellow. He remains outside of our grasp, requiring a stranger for the encounter to take place. He is the judge, the impartial judge of our actions, outside our camp.

--The second recurring title concerned the only-begotten of this deity. He remains the slain lamb, the crucified lamb. He never becomes the Hero who leaves disgrace behind. It is the crucified Jesus who will ever be the judging Lord. His victory is on, never away from, the demeaning cross. He also remains paradoxically outside our camp, by our choice as the book of Revelation tells us. Who of us, after all, wishes to make his encampment and pitch his tent in a broken circle, with an encumbering stranger and a demeaning cross? The stranger knocks, who will open?

The corollary to that was in fact the content of the first lecture we had heard on that first day. The teacher of the Word of God/Gospel and by consequence the student, must die, must have death work in him, so that by consequence the student and thence the hearer may have life work in them, while his (the teacher's and by consequence the student's) life issues from the crucified Lord.

--The third recurring title concerns scripture. It is in the study of the scriptures, by day, preferably by night, that we can encounter the word of the nameless deity, the deity of the stranger, and the deity of the faceless and crucified slain lamb. The scriptures never give way to ethereal, timeless ideas. They are not a prison for the words. They, the scriptures, their syntax and their fabric, are the Word of God which must be studied again and again and again until the pages become yellow with use.

With the sound of the words, there was always a Nadim sound associated, and trying to understand the meaning of the word I made an astonishing discovery. In Arabic it sounded like someone who would spend with you the night till the early morning watch, sharing your cup and sorrows, and sharing with you his cup of consolation. But then you would meet a Swiss person, whether German, French or Italian, and it would mean the same thing in Swiss German, French or Italian, a Roumanian, and it would mean the same thing in Roumanian, an Englishman, a Russian, an Armenian, . . . and the series went on . . . , it meant the same in all those languages. And suddenly you realize, that when this Nadim was not spending the night with you sharing your cup, he was sharing the cup of someone else on the intervening nights, and on other nights filling up his cup of consolation by reading/studying scripture, so he would be able to share it with you and the others when he was sharing your/their cup.

So from the initial visual encounter, through the recurring audio encounters, the recollections finally give way to a prayer of thanks:

Thank you nameless Father, of the faceless and crucified Lamb, thank you for providing us with an earthenware vessel called Nadim, thank you for Abou-Jalal, thank you and Amen.

Mr. Abou-Chaar was a member of the first class of students at the St John of Damascus School of Theology at Balamand. At his graduation in 1974 he pursued further studies in scripture in Germany and Greece and became Father Paul’s colleague at that school as teacher of Old Testament, New Testament, Biblical Hebrew, and Biblical Greek for many years and served for one year as Interim Dean. Abou-Chaar’s breadth of knowledge accounts to a great degree to the information included in Father Paul’s monumental four volume Introduction to the New Testament. Three times he was the guest sole lecturer at the OCABS intensive five-day seminars in the 2000’s.

Decoding Genesis 1-11: A New Book by Paul Nadim Tarazi

Professor Tarazi's most recent book strongly advocates the authority of Scripture over all theology. Not shunning from being provocative as concerns the value of venerated translations and traditions, Tarazi shows the importance of studying the semantic nuances of the original consonantal Hebrew text of the Old Testament to discover the true face of God. Having read his book, the reader feels one great spiritual need: learn scriptural Hebrew!

Dr. Bartosz Adamczewski
Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University in Warsaw

Thanks to Father Paul's linguistic and cultural skills, this volume is a unique gateway into the beauty of Genesis and the internal coherence of biblical literature. Jargon-free and thoroughly provocative, it is a treasure trove even for seasoned Bible readers. Reading Decoding Genesis 1-11 is like reading over the scribe's shoulder "In the beginning".

Dr. Philippe Guillaume
University of Berne (Switzerland)

A Light in the Darkness: Bible Study for Children and Teens

A New Book by Bethany Saros

Through her faithful study of Scripture, Bethany shows how any layperson with the ability to read can teach children—even as the adults themselves are learning—while avoiding the pitfalls of interpretation and theological speculation. Teaching, she explains, is as simple as defining words, following the plot, identifying characters, looking up historical facts, and, most importantly, sticking to the text. Parents should read the stories of the Bible to their children without comment. “Narration,” Bethany explains, “teaches children submission to the story.” I hasten to add that her book challenges parents to do the same. That Bethany takes this directive seriously is evident in her insightful exegesis of various passages.

For St. George's Day 2020

Repost from: https://lenapecathbob.livejournal.com/59333.html

Today is the Feast of St. George, a saint for whom I have both an academic and a personal attachment, a saint I suggest we very much need this year. Our need of and my fascination with St. George have nothing to do with George the martyred Roman soldier, whose life story was known as early as the 400s, but rather with what I’m quite sure is mythical: his famous dragon slaying. St. George was beside me through a year of cancer treatment four years ago precisely as dragon slayer, even though I’ve established in my research that story is not only legendary but non-Christian in origin: borrowed like so much else in Christianity (and Ancient Israelite religion before it) from “paganism.” George’s dragon slaying comes from the Canaanite stormgod Baal’s victory over Leviathan. The Greek historian John Malalas even says that Alexander the Great’s general Seleucus I offered sacrifices to the stormgod Zeus on Mount Zaphon, the home of Baal, on an April 23rd.

The dragon slaying is paramount precisely because it is myth. Myths combine imagery and poetry into a surplus of meaning that helps us venture further towards the inexpressible.

And in this case, what that myth of a monster-slaying saint addresses is suffering and the problem of evil. As Duke Divinity School professor Anathea Portier-Young writes (concerning the book of Daniel), while we do tend to see everything through a “myth of redemptive violence” and that has attendant dangers, cosmic conflict imagery is deep engagement with human suffering. St. George’s dragon slaying myth rejects the compromise on God’s goodness inherent in the platitude that “It must be God’s will somehow” for a child to die of COVID-19, in favor of a possible compromise on God’s omnipotence: as the Anglican theologian Andy Angel says, “foregoing some traditional ideas of God being in control of reality in the meantime in favor of the idea that forces of chaos (pictured in myth as [the dragon]) sometimes rage and that God [and his saint] battles against them.” Or, if you prefer a more secular version, as Evelyn Underhill wrote: “We see in this muddled world a constant struggle for Truth, Goodness, Perfection; and all those who give themselves to that struggle—the struggle for the redemption of the world from greed, cruelty, injustice, selfish desire and their results—find themselves supported and reinforced by a spiritual power which enhances life, strengthens will, and purifies character.”

Today’s world is worse than a muddle. Achille Mbembe, the Cameroon philosopher, blogged last week in “The Universal Right to Breathe,” “There is no doubt that the skies are closing in. Caught in the stranglehold of injustice and inequality, much of humanity is threatened by a great chokehold….COVID-19 is the spectacular expression of the planetary impasse in which humanity finds itself today.” The Corona Dragon is upon us all, albeit disproportionally, according to the ways we have divided and devalued each other. The horror of death, escorted by the dread of poverty from loss of work, and the terror of confinement for others. 

When I say we need a mythic hope, a St. George, I am not minimizing the need for we mortals to act—like the Ontario shopkeeper who bagged up a supply of food for the shoplifter he nabbed—nor the longer-term enterprise ahead building solidarity and dismantling what Mbembe calls “a vicious partitioning of the globe…the destruction of the biosphere…the criminalizing of resistance, repeated attacks on reason.” But when those who know what they are talking about advise us to do as little as possible right now, I’d suggest an appeal to St. George—again, to quote Mbembe, not “so much against a specific virus as against everything that condemns the majority of humankind to a premature cessation of breathing.” 

And one final reason to invoke St. George today, with Ramadan beginning tomorrow. St. George enfolds Muslims, as well, under his title of Khidr. (Jews, too, as Khidr is also Elijah, but we won’t get into that.) Today is the feast of Khidr for Sunni Muslims in Turkey; in the Crimea and Azerbaijan today marks Hıdırellez, the day on which Khidr and Elijah met on the earth. “Khidr” means “Green One,” the discoverer of the Water of Life in the Alexander Romance, and so the Turkish EMS is called “Khidr-Service.” There’s even a story of a Turkish soldier calling on Khidr during the Korean War and being saved from capture by the Chinese. Not a bad idea, then, for any of us. 

I’ve an icon of St. George over my front door—a common sight at Palestinian Christian homes, too—as well as a St. George sweatshirt my wife got me during chemo. Today, they’re helping me remember the dragonslayer whose day it is.

OCABS Biblical Seminar, ONLINE - Saturday, June 13, 2020

The 2020 Symposium of the Orthodox Center for the Advancement of Biblical Studies (OCABS), will be held online Saturday, June 13, 10:00-1:30 pm CDT.

This year’s event is online only and commemorates the Jubilee (50th year) of Fr. Paul Tarazi’s ministry as a teacher and scholar.

The keynote address will be delivered by Fr. Bill Mills, author of Losing my Religion and pastor of Nativity of the Holy Theotokos Church in Charlotte, NC. Other presenters include the V. Rev. Dr. Paul Nadim Tarazi, Professor Emeritus, St. Vladimir's Seminary, Dr. Nicolae Roddy, Professor of Hebrew Bible-Old Testament, Creighton University, and Dr. Richard Benton and Fr. Marc Boulos of the Bible as Literature Podcast.

For those who register, an online meeting link will be shared a few days before the event and on the morning of June 13. Registration is free, but donations in support of the ongoing work of OCABS are gratefully accepted on the Eventbrite registration page:

[REGISTER NOW]

Space is limited to 100 attendees, so please register today!

New Book by Paul Nadim Tarazi

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With this book Fr. Paul Nadim Tarazi concludes a cycle of commentaries on the entire corpus paulinum, a life-long project that began in 1982... [this] book fulfills the key mission of the “Chrysostom Bible” series which is to continue the legacy of this great Antiochian saint and exegete in his pastoral work of teaching the believers day by day and of remembering the enthusiasm they experienced in the first days when they embraced Christian faith, and keeping the torch alive in their hearts. With this collection of books on the Pauline writings, Father Paul Tarazi gives us an update of this typically Antiochian legacy of reading continuously and repetitively the Scriptures, which are, as Chrysostom said, “an inexhaustible source of life” (PG 48: 1007). - Daniel Ayuch

New Book by Duane M. Johnson

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Fr. Duane Johnson reads St. Paul’s Letter to the Galatians with close fidelity to the text, the result of which is to hear the text as Scripture, offering a hermeneutical advantage often missed in Pauline studies. The author thus offers expanded insight into the Apostle’s proclamation of the salvific work of God in his crucified Son; what this means for the people of God, both Jew and Gentile alike; and of special importance for Pauline studies, Paul’s affirmation of the evidential witness of the Holy Spirit among the Body of Christ.

Nicolae Roddy, Ph.D.
Professor of Theology (Biblical Studies)
Creighton University, Omaha, NE


2019 OCABS Symposium

The 2019 Symposium of the Orthodox Center for the Advancement of Biblical Studies (OCABS), will be held March 8-9, 2019, at St. Elizabeth Orthodox Church, in St. Paul, MN. The keynote speaker is Dr. Robert Miller, Ordinary Professor of Old Testament, School of Theology and Religious Studies at the Catholic University of America.

Building upon the success of OCABS's inaugural gathering, papers presented at the 2019 Symposium will be published in the Journal of the Orthodox Center for the Advancement of Biblical Studies. Other presenters include the V. Rev. Dr. Paul Nadim Tarazi, Professor Emeritus, St. Vladimir's Seminary, Dr. Nicolae Roddy, Professor of Hebrew Bible-Old Testament, Creighton University, and Dr. Richard Benton and Fr. Marc Boulos, co-hosts of the Bible as Literature Podcast. A special episode of the Bible as Literature will be recorded live at the symposium.

OCABS is committed to empowering current and future generations of teachers and scholars already possessing a love for Scripture. This dynamic collaborative enterprise cannot help but benefit the lives of students and parishioners in a world in need of hearing the divine Word.

Donations will be used to cover travel expenses for presenters as well as Friday lunch and dinner and Saturday lunch for all who attend. Parishioners of St. Elizabeth are offering home-stays for OCABS participants who might otherwise prefer not to stay in a nearby hotel. Please contact press@ocabs.org if you would like this hospitality. You may wish to arrive Thursday, March 7, and stay through Sunday Liturgy, March 10.

REGISTER NOW 

2018 OCABS Symposium: Festschrift Volume Announced

This year’s OCABS Symposium was hosted in Charlotte, NC. Special thanks to event organizers Fr. Bill Mills and Fr. Timothy Lowe, and to the parishioners of Nativity of the Holy Theotokos Orthodox Church for their gracious hospitality. The symposium brought together pastors and academicians from as far away as Los Angeles, CA; Houston, TX; Alberta, Canada; and El-Koura, Lebanon. The quality of this year's ten OCABS Symposium papers reached the highest level ever in bridging the gap between academia and the parish. These papers, along with other contributions by pastors and scholars who could not attend, will be published in a Festschrift volume, to be edited by Ms. Andrea Bakas.

In addition to the fine presentations, the Friday session ended with a dinner in celebration of the 75th anniversary of Fr. Paul Nadim Tarazi's birth, along with the recent release of his magnum opus The Rise of Scripture (OCABS Press, 2018). Many of Abouna's students, friends, and family offered touching testimonials to the many valuable contributions he has made to so many over the years. The gala event was also graced by the participation of OCABS co-secretary, Dr. Daniel Ayuch, Professor of New Testament at the Institute of Theology, University of Balamand, in Lebanon. In addition to presenting the first paper of the symposium, Dr. Ayuch delivered the Saturday luncheon keynote address, "Nomads of the Word: Reading the Book of Acts from a Semitic Perspective."

Already we are excited and looking forward to next year's 2019 OCABS symposium, details of which will be sent out within a few months. In the meantime, let us encourage one another as we continue our labors on behalf of the teaching of Scripture in the classroom and the parish. Remember that OCABS Society is our shared resource for support and encouragement and the exchange of information.

New Book by by Robert D. Miller II

Eisenbrauns, an imprint of PSU Press, is happy to announce the publication of the latest book in the Explorations in Ancient Near Eastern Civilizations series:

The Dragon, the Mountain, and the Nations:

An Old Testament Myth, Its Origins, and Its Afterlives, by Robert D. Miller II

$64.95 | Hardcover Edition

ISBN: 978-1-57506-479-6

408 pages 6”x9”

https://www.eisenbrauns.org/books/titles/978-1-57506-479-6.html

The dragon-slaying myth has a hoary ancestry, extending back long before its appearance in the Hebrew Bible, and a vast range, spanning as far as India and perhaps even Japan. This book is a chronicle of its trajectories and permutations. The target of this study is the biblical myth. This target, however, is itself a fluid tradition, responding to and reworking extrabiblical myths and reworking its own myths. In this study, Robert Miller examines the dragon and dragon-slaying myth throughout India, the proto-Indo-European cultures, and Iran, and among the Hittites as well as other ancient Near Eastern and Mesopotamian traditions, and then throughout the Bible, including Genesis, the Psalms, Daniel, and ultimately the New Testament and the book of Revelation. He shows how the myth pervades many cultures and many civilizations and that the dragon is always conquered, despite its many manifestations. In his conclusion, Miller points out the importance of the myth as a hermeneutic for understanding key parts of biblical literature.

Table of Contents:

Introduction

Part I: East of Ginger Trees

1. India

2. Proto-Indo-Europeans

3. A Global Myth?

4. Iran

Part II: The Matter of the North

5. Hittites

6. Hurrian Influence

7. From the Libraries of Ugarit

8. Myths of Mesopotamia

Part III: Canaanite Epic and Hebrew Myth 9. The Old Testament: Overview 10. The Psalms 11. Genesis 12. The Rest of the Old Testament 13. Greek Traditions 14. Daniel 15. Second Temple Jewish Texts

Part IV: Naming the Dragon Slayer

16. The New Testament

Conclusions

Appendix

Bibliography

Indexes

New Podcast Released on the Ephesus School Network

The Bible as Literature podcast has launched Tarazi Tuesdays, a new weekly series featuring Fr. Paul Nadim Tarazi. In a spinoff from their regular weekly show, Dr. Richard Benton and Fr. Marc Boulos continue their discussion with Fr. Paul, posing questions meant to challenge audiences and further enrich their own study of Scripture. 

In the first episode, The Bible as Literature is re-broadcasting a lecture presented by Fr. Paul on January 12, 2018. The talk was given during a book signing at St. George Antiochian Orthodox Church in Phoenix, Arizona. The content makes for an excellent introduction to the series. 

The Bible as Literature and Tarazi Tuesdays are part of the Ephesus School Network (ephesusschool.org).

Episode 1 of Tarazi Tuesdays is available here: 

https://ephesusschool.org/the-rise-of-scripture/

Now Available: JOCABS, Vol 10, No 1

The Journal of the Orthodox Center for the Advancement of Biblical Studies (JOCABS) promotes scholarship in biblical studies, homiletics, and religious education among Orthodox and Oriental Orthodox Christians around the world.

Vol 10, No 1 (2017)

“Shall we, then, be baptized for the dead?”: An Answer to the Problem of 1 Corinthians 15:29 and Vicarious Baptism

Rev. Fr. Joshua Schooping

Sin of Apostasy and Militarism in Hosea

Richard C. Benton, Jr.

Vol 9, No 1 (2016)

Paul’s Letter to the Churches of Galatia

Very Rev. Dr. Paul Nadim Tarazi

The Quest for Mark’s Sources: An Exploration of the Case for Mark’s Use of First Corinthians
Thomas P. Nelligan, Eugene, Oregon: Pickwick Publications, 2015

Review by Tom Dykstra

The Gospel of Matthew within the New Testament Canon

Very Rev. Dr. Paul Nadim Tarazi

 

Why Circumcision Is a Big Deal in Scripture - or Is It?

By Merja Merras

Today, in the State of Israel, there is much discussion about the circumcision of boys on the eighth day. Messianic Jews, in particular, ponder the question:  Has the time to reject this old tradition finally arrived?

The rule of circumcision was given by God to Abraham and his descendants (Gen 17:9-14) and thereafter understood as the principal sign of belonging to the Jewish congregation. But is it so? If we take a closer look, old beliefs can be reconsidered in a new light.

When we look at the Old Testament as a totality, the central issue is obedience or disobedience of the law and not circumcision. The promise given to Abraham (“I will bless you…”) was extended to his descendants, not because they were circumcised, but only because Abraham kept the commandments faithfully. In Deuteronomy, circumcision of the heart (10:16-22; 30:4-6), which means obedience to the law, was already considered more important than fleshly circumcision.  In the book of Joshua, one can clearly see that it was obedience to God's law, not circumcision, that was demanded, both of Israelites and the other nations. In both Jeremiah and Ezekiel, fleshly circumcision played no role whatsoever in the new covenant, which was binding upon those returning from exile.

In the last section of Scripture, the Writings, there is no mention at all of circumcision. This part of Scripture was written to invite the nations to adopt the torah, and with it true wisdom, since Greek wisdom was not able to encompass all wisdom. On this point, it would have been possible to ordain circumcision as a tangible sign of someone’s endorsement of the law, but such was not the case. Those who accepted the challenge of the Bible’s spiritual message gathered in congregations where Scripture was read to them and, in conformity with Genesis 17, circumcised their male children at the age of eight days. Yet, this custom in and of itself was not a distinctive mark (Jer 9:23-26), since it was part of the Hamite and Semite cultures.

The Apostle Paul, who was a Jew, also understood circumcision in this way, writing in his Letter to the Romans (2:25-29): “He is a Jew who is one inwardly, and real circumcision is a matter of the heart, spiritual and not literal.”

Why, then, is circumcision practiced among Jews to this day? This “dormant” habit of circumcision comes to life and even “steals the show” in the Maccabean literature, which deals with the revolt by  Palestinian followers of Scripture against the Seleucids, the heirs of Alexander of Macedon.  The king, Antiochus Epiphanes, had disgraced the Jewish Sanctuary, making the priest Mattathias furious.  Mattathias asked Jews to join him in revolt: “And Mattathias and his friends forcibly circumcised all the uncircumcised boys that they found within the borders of Israel.” (1 Macc 2:45-46)  The Maccabees and their followers were using circumcision as a “national flag”, a “standard”, around which they could easily rally followers to their own agenda.

The western part of Syria, the province Yehud, was declared independent by the Maccabees, and remained as such for some time. King Herod set out to build a massive temple in Jerusalem and needed income from outside his tiny state.  All “followers of the Law” were invited to support the project. The inhabitants of Yehud were the yehudim. In those times, Judaism developed more around political than religious issues. The religious aspect of circumcision was only a medium of control to secure support for the interests and aims of the “followers of the dictates of scripture” in Yehud.

Today, this mechanism finds its counterpart in the way that the leaders of the State of Israel seek to “impose” their views on Jews around the world in order to secure support for their political agenda.

God’s law and Jesus’ Gospel are meant for all nations, not just the yehudim. This point is already made in the first pages of the Old Testament. Although written and addressed to Israel, other nations are continuously mentioned and encouraged to follow the law. In contrast, the letters of the Apostle Paul are both written and expressly addressed to all the nations, not just to the Jews. Since this teaching had to sound the same as the law of the Old Testament, it refers to the law continuously. The teaching of the “new teacher,” Paul, had to reflect the entire teaching of the Old Testament, thus, the Old and the New Testament form a totality.  But by reading the Old Testament, Jews can already understand the message of circumcision, found throughout: nothing is of significance but obedience to the law.  One God, one law and one message for all nations.

Ref. Paul Nadim Tarazi, The Rise of Scripture.  OCABS  2017. 319-332.

Original Post: https://simeonjahanna.com/2017/11/26/miksi-ymparileikkaus-on-niin-suuri-juttu-raamatussa-vai-onko/